List Of Emotions

Alphabetical list of emotions

• Acceptance, Agitation, Alarm, Amusement, Anger, Angst, Annoyance, Anticipation, Apprehension, Apathy, Awe
• Bitterness, Boredom
• Calmness, Comfort, Contentment, Confidence, Courage
• Depression, Disappointment, Discontentment, Disgust, Desire, Delight.
• Elation or Euphoria, Embarrassment, Ennui, Envy, Ecstasy
• Fear, Friendship, Frustration,
• Glee, Gladness, Gratitude, Grief, Guilt
• Hate, Happiness, Homesickness, Honor, Hope, Horror, Humility
• Impatience, Inadeqacy, Irritability
• Joy, Jealousy,
• Kindness
• Loneliness, Love, Lust, Limerence
• Melancholy, Modesty
• Nervousness, Negativity, Nostalgia
• Pain, Patience, Peace, Phobia, Pity, Pride
• Rage, Regret, Remorse, Resentment
• Sadness, Schadenfreude, Self-pity, Shame, Shyness, Sorrow, Shock,^{[disambiguation needed]} Suffering, Surprise, Suspense
• Terror
• Unhappiness
• Vulnerability
• Worry
• Yearning
• Zest

What Are Emotions

Definition of emotion

Emotion is complex, and the term has no single universally accepted definition.^[1] The study of emotions is part of psychology, neuroscience, and, more recently, artificial intelligence.

According to Sloman,^[2] emotions are cognitive processes. Some authors emphasize the difference between human emotions and the affective behavior of animals.

In Paul D. MacLean‘s classic Triune brain model, emotions are defined as the responses of the Mammalian cortex. Emotion competes with even more instinctive responses from the Reptilian cortex and the more logical, reasoning neocortex. However, current research on the neural circuitry of emotion suggests that emotion is an essential part of human decision-making and planning, and that the famous distinction made by Descartes between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems.^[3]

[edit] Emotion, Meta-emotion, and Reason

Emotion is generally regarded by Western civilization as the antithesis of reason. This distinction stems from Western philosophy specifically stoic and Cartesian dualism approaches, and is reflected in common phrases like appeal to emotion or your emotions have taken over.

Emotions can be undesired either to the individual experiencing them, but also can be undesired to the other persons, groups of persons, organizations, sub-cultures, and civilisations such as Western civilization, which can be viewed as the emotion being subjected to the individual’s or someone else’s discouraging meta-emotion about the undesired emotion or can be even repressed by the meta-emotions. Thus one of the most distinctive, and perhaps challenging, facts about human beings is this potential for entanglement, or even opposition, between emotion, meta-emotion, will, and reason.

Some state that there is no empirical support for any generalization suggesting the antithesis between reason and emotion: indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as a systematic response to observed facts. In any case, it is clear that the relation between logic and argument and emotion is one which merits careful study.

Emotion as the subject of scientific research has multiple dimensions: behavioral, physiological, subjective, and cognitive. Sloman argues that many emotions are side-effects of the operations of complex mechanisms (e.g. ‘alarm’ mechanisms) required in animals or machines with multiple motives and limited capacities and resources for coping with a changing and unpredictable world, just as ‘thrashing‘ can sometimes occur as a side-effect of scheduling and memory management mechanisms required in a computer operating system for purposes other than producing thrashing. Such side effects are sometimes useful, but sometimes they are dysfunctional. Other theorists, often influenced by writings of Antonio Damasio argue that emotions themselves are necessary for any intelligent system (natural or artificial).

Psychiatrist William Glasser‘s theory of the human control system states that behavior is composed of four simultaneous components: deeds, ideas, emotions, and physiological states. He asserts that we choose the idea and deed and that the associated emotions and physiological states also occur but cannot be chosen independently. He calls his construct a total behavior to distinguish it from the common concept of behavior. He uses the verbs to describe what is commonly seen as emotion. For example, he uses ‘to depress’ to describe the total behavior commonly known as depression which, to him, includes depressing ideas, actions, emotions, and physiological states. Dr. Glasser also further asserts that internal choices (conscious or unconscious) cause emotions instead of external stimuli.

According to Damasio, feeling can be viewed as the subjective experience of an emotion that arises physiologically in the brain. ^[4]

Many psychologists adopt the ABC model, which defines emotions in terms of three fundamental attributes: A. physiological arousal, B. behavioral expression (e.g. facial expressions), and C. conscious experience, the subjective feeling of an emotion. All three attributes are necessary for a full fledged emotional event, though the intensity of each may vary greatly.

Robert Masters makes the following distinctions between affect, feeling and emotion: “As I define them, affect is an innately structured, non-cognitive evaluative sensation that may or may not register in consciousness; feeling is affect made conscious, possessing an evaluative capacity that is not only physiologically based, but that is often also psychologically (and sometimes relationally) oriented; and emotion is psychosocially constructed, dramatized feeling.”^[5]

In pop culture there are sub-cultures which cultivate the expressions of anger and rebelliousness even when they are not really angry, its members encouraging each other to express the anger by internalizing meta-gladness about it. Encouragement (i.e. meta-gladness) and discouragement (i.e. psychological repression) of selected emotions – instead of mere awareness and equal interest in all emotions – can be considered as additional source of organizational climate, family dynamics, psychodynamics, personality traits, and of mental disorders, including depression among others.